Babies born prematurely show abnormal reactions to new experiences and difficulties with predicting past experience, which is likely to hap...
Babies born prematurely show abnormal reactions to new experiences and difficulties with predicting past experience, which is likely to happen. This may explain why they are at higher risk for developmental disorders and learning problems later in life.
Every year in the world - that is, were completed before the 37th week. Prematurity is the leading cause of death worldwide in children under five years and survivors have the effect can in the life of disability.
Lauren Emberson, the author of a new study was published on the topic in Current Biology, IBTimes United said - Kingdom:
"Every week of prematurity is associated with a reduced level of IQ, and children born are three likely to six times very early to have learning problems when they arrive at school. Prematurity 32 weeks of pregnancy also increases significantly the risk of autism, speech delay and motor difficulties. "
The prematurity is associated with the medical complications, and has been a good amount of research on the effects of medical complications on development results. Moreover, the care of premature babies has improved in recent years, and some babies have complications.
"However, it is only in recent years that doctors and researchers have found that prematurity itself, regardless of medical complications, these deficits ahead. They are not well studied and not well understood," Emberson said assistant professor of psychology at Princeton University.
Therefore, their study is among the first ones to see the development of these children at an early risk and observe the differences in how their brains learn and develop. Studying whether preemies, but healthy use what they have learned to make their expectations of the world, such as babies 'normal' form. They have shown that premature babies with impaired brain shown in response to the expectations, known as top-down processing names.
Stimuli for babies and brain scans
The scientists tested the neural capacity 100 children 6 months to forecast future stimuli. Half of them were born in term and half born prematurely.
Infants were presented with the associations of sounds - like a horn of a horn clown or a rattle - and a picture of a smiling face red cartoon. Using a technique known as functional spectroscopy name near infrared measurement of the oxygen supply in the brain regions, the researchers were able to see the level of brain activity during the experiment to assess.
After explaining all newborns with these patterns of sound and image, the researchers conducted the experiment again, but in a number of babies who jumped down, the sound image. In newborns, the brain activity in the parts of the brain, which is recognized for vision was, even if the picture does not appear as expected.
This top-down sensory predictions suggest these babies learned from previous studies, and should view the image associated with it accordingly. no activity in the visual areas of the brain of preterm infants but have been reported in these studies.
The results show that a premature birth can interrupt treatment from top to bottom. These brain capacity is important in recognizing a fast and efficient processing and forecast information for babies and adults and effectively when something unexpected happens. The break may partly explain the problems of development, babies born prematurely are often faced with, how they grow.
"This means that those born prematurely do not enjoy their learning and not to a better understanding or process in the world as a result. This lack of top-down processing can also affect learning, because it reduces capacity, unexpected situations to recognize "Emberson said.
A major goal of this research is to identify children early and would now be pursued until the age of two, to see if these early neuronal deficits predict the difficulties of language and learning in later life.
"If all could be these deficits due to a central and fundamental difference in the way your brain learns and we were able to develop babies may help and focus on these fundamental shortcomings before. This work is still possible, as early and as the children never or a major step in its evolution to intervene battle is lost, "he said the scientist concluded.
